What few seem to understand is 1) the last “real recession” that cleared excesses of debt, leverage and speculation was 1980-82, 45 years ago and 2) the buffers that enabled the eventual recovery back then are gone. Where total debt was low in 1980–about 50% more than GDP–now it’s triple GDP. That means “borrowing our way to expansion” isn’t possible: borrowers are already unable to service existing debt, never mind more debt.
As for the Fed rescuing the debt bubble by dropping interest rates to zero: recall that the Fed isn’t buying more than a sliver of the $106 trillion debt; it’s only generating a false signal that risk is low. In the real world, risk is rising inexorably due to excessive debt, interest payments, leverage and speculation.
As for bailing the system out as in 2008, that is no longer possible, either. The system was “saved” by recapitalizing the financial sector–the source of new debt and speculation. But this time around, the economy is saturated with debt, income has stagnated and cannot support more borrowing, and the credit-asset bubbles in housing and financial assets has reached unprecedented heights of risk, i.e. fragility.
This is why a recession that clears the system of excessive debt, leverage and speculation leaves a devastated economy incapable of expansion: the system is now totally dependent on excesses of debt, leverage and speculation for its survival, never mind expansion, and once that collapses (as all bubbles do), the signaling, confidence and wealth that enabled the bubble will no longer exist.